Obligations of Hajj (Faraid)
There are four pillars (Fard acts) of Hajj. If any of these are missed, the Hajj is invalid:
- Ihram:
Hajj begins by entering the state of Ihram. For men, this consists of two white unstitched garments; for women, their regular modest dress. After making the intention, reciting the Talbiyah is necessary. - Standing at Arafat (Wuquf-e-Arafah):
On the 9th of Dhul-Hijjah, pilgrims must remain in the plain of Arafat from noon until sunset. - Tawaf al-Ziyarah (Main Tawaf):
On the 10th of Dhul-Hijjah, after offering sacrifice, pilgrims must perform the Tawaf (circumambulation) of the Kaaba. - Sa‘i:
After Tawaf al-Ziyarah, pilgrims walk seven times between the hills of Safa and Marwah.
Necessary Acts of Hajj (Wajibat)
If any Wajib is left out, the Hajj is valid but a sacrifice (dam) is required for compensation.
- Entering Ihram from Miqat:
The Miqat is the boundary point from which Ihram must be worn. Passing it without Ihram is forbidden. - Wuquf at Muzdalifah:
After sunset on the 9th of Dhul-Hijjah, pilgrims must stay at Muzdalifah until Fajr. - Rami al-Jamarat (Stoning the Pillars):
On the 10th, 11th, and 12th of Dhul-Hijjah, pilgrims must throw pebbles at the three pillars symbolizing Shaytan. - Sacrifice (Qurbani):
On the 10th of Dhul-Hijjah, an animal must be sacrificed. - Shaving or Cutting the Hair:
After sacrifice, men must shave or shorten their hair; women cut a small portion. - Farewell Tawaf (Tawaf al-Wada‘):
Before leaving Makkah, pilgrims must perform a final Tawaf of the Kaaba.
Sunnah Acts of Hajj
These complete the Hajj but are not compulsory:
Performing Ghusl (ritual bath) before Ihram.
Applying perfume before entering Ihram (for men only).
Reciting Talbiyah frequently.
✅ Summary:
Fard (obligatory) → 4 main pillars: Ihram, Arafat, Tawaf al-Ziyarah, Sa‘i.
Wajib (necessary) → includes Miqat, Muzdalifah, Rami, Sacrifice, Hair, Farewell Tawaf.
Sunnah (recommended) → Ghusl, perfume, Talbiyah.